A positive result means you have hepatitis B and can transmit the virus to others. You May Like: Early Signs Of Hepatitis C And Treatments To Know Hepatitis B Surface Antigen TestĪ hepatitis B surface antigen test shows if you have an active infection. ĭont Miss: How Do You Get Hepatitis From Food Genotyping of HBV was determined by the PCR-Invader assay. Therefore, the conversion factor between HBV copies/mL and HBV IU/mL is considered to be 5.82 copies/IU. In this study, the standard of qualification is based on the result of COBAS TaqMan HBV DNA test. This assay was standardized using HBV DNA samples of known concentrations measured by the COBAS TaqMan HBV DNA test and recombinant plasmid controls. All assays were performed in duplicate with negative control samples. The lower limit of detection was > 100 copies/mL. PCR was performed in an MX3000P, and the results were analyzed with MxPro software. The real-time PCR was performed using a genotype-independent method described previously. Quantification of HBV DNA in urine, saliva, tear, and sweat samples was performed using an in-house TaqMan real-time assay. The extracted DNA was dissolved in 100 µL of elution buffer. Three circles were punched from the FTA card by use of a single-hole paper puncher and were used for HBV DNA extraction. HBV DNA was extracted from saliva, tear, and sweat specimens that were spotted on FTA cards, using QIAamp DNA Mini kit. HBV DNA was extracted from 200 µL of urine, using the QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit. HBV DNA in serum was measured by COBAS TaqMan HBV DNA test, version 2.0. It is believed that the hepatitis F virus may also be spread by enteric routes. About one-third of people in the United States have been exposed to the hepatitis A virus. While there are several ways in which this fecal-oral route can be established, poor hygiene and poor sanitary conditions in some countries lead to higher rates of infection of these viruses.Īs a result, some areas of the world, like India, Bangladesh, and Central and South America, are particularly prone to the hepatitis E virus. To be exposed to these viruses, you must ingest fecal matter that is infected with the virus. This is also known as the fecal-oral route. The Hepatitis A and hepatitis E viruses are both transmitted by enteric, that is digestive or by fecal, routes. Enteric Routes: Transmission Of Hepatitis A And Hepatitis E The specimen underwent filter sterilization with a 0.2-µm filter. The 200-µL tear specimen was diluted with 1300 µL of sterile saline, yielding a total volume of 1500 µL. A total of 200 µL of tears were gently collected from her face when she cried, using a 1.0-mL syringe. The source of her HBV infection was mother-to-child transmission due to the failure of prophylactic treatment. For experimental transmission, a tear specimen was collected from a 10-month-old girl with chronic HBV infection.
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